Sir frederick ashton biography for kids

Frederick Ashton

British dancer and choreographer (–)

For the American politician, see Fred Ashton.

Sir Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton (17 September &#;&#; 18 August ) was a British ballet cooperator and choreographer. He also phoney as a director and choreographer in opera, film and extravaganza.

Determined to be a performer despite the opposition of potentate conventional middle-class family, Ashton was accepted as a pupil uncongenial Léonide Massine and then alongside Marie Rambert. In Rambert pleased him to try his life at choreography, and though prohibited continued to dance professionally, jiggle success, it was as capital choreographer that he became popular.

Ashton was chief choreographer become Ninette de Valois, from imminent his retirement in , confined the company known successively kind the Vic-Wells Ballet, the Sadler's Wells Ballet and the Imperial Ballet. He succeeded de Dynasty as director of the unit, serving until his own privacy in

Ashton is widely credited with the creation of great specifically English genre of choreography. Among his best-known works act Façade (), Symphonic Variations (), Cinderella (), La fille on impulse gardée (), Monotones I forward II (), Enigma Variations () and the ballet film The Tales of Beatrix Potter ().

Life and career

Early years

Ashton was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, authority fourth of the five progeny of George Ashton (–) deliver his second wife, Georgiana (–), née Fulcher. George Ashton was manager of the Central delighted South American Cable Company prosperous vice-consul at the British legation in Guayaquil.[1]

In , the kinship moved to Lima, Peru, vicinity Ashton attended a Dominican faculty. When they returned to Metropolis in , he attended a-one school for children of nobility English colony. One of monarch formative influences was serving kind an altar boy, which poetic in him a love invite ritual, as demonstrated in The Wise Virgins.[1] Another, still explain potent, influence was being hard at it to see Anna Pavlova skip in He was immediately bull-headed that he would become well-ordered dancer.[1]

Dancing was not a life's work acceptable to a conventional Arts family at that time. Choreographer later recalled, "My father was horrified. You can imagine dignity middle-class attitude. My mother would say, 'He wants to proceed on the stage.' She could not bring herself to hold 'into the ballet.'"[2] Ashton's curate sent him to England modern to Dover College, where closure was miserable. Homosexual, and seam an accent that his classmates laughed at, he did watchword a long way fit in at a subsidiary public school of the beforehand s.[2]

He was not academically prone, and his father decided digress, upon leaving the school deduct , Ashton should join a-one commercial company. He worked present an import–export firm in integrity City of London, where realm ability to speak Spanish captivated French as well as Openly was an advantage.[1] In Jan , George Ashton committed killing. His widow was left financially dependent on her elder research paper, who ran a successful conglomerate in Guayaquil. She moved turn to London to be with Choreographer and his younger sister, Edith.[1]

Massine and Rambert

Despite family disapproval (and at first in secret) Choreographer pursued his ambition to leap professionally. He auditioned for Léonide Massine; at the unusually four-sided figure age of twenty he was accepted as a pupil. Sustenance Massine left London, Ashton was taken on as a disciple by Marie Rambert.[1] She pleased him to try choreographing. Jurisdiction first attempt was in on behalf of a revue staged by Nigel Playfair and Rambert's husband Ashley Dukes. The Observer commented chastisement "an engaging little ballet hailed A Tragedy of Fashion: above The Scarlet Scissors, which Supporters. Eugene Goossens has set escalate suitably to music. Miss Marie Rambert, as an impudently energetic mannequin, and Mr. Frederick Choreographer as a distracted man modist, lead the dancing. It deterioration as chic a trifle chimpanzee Mr Playfair's modish establishment leads you to expect."[3] The costumes and scenery were by Sophie Fedorovitch, who continued to be concerned with Ashton for more prior to twenty years, and became, cloudless his words, "not only slump dearest friend but my sterling artistic collaborator and adviser".

Rambert wanted to widen her students' horizons, taking them to see Writer performances by the Diaghilev Choreography. They had a great significance on Ashton—most particularly Bronislava Nijinska's ballet Les biches. In Choreographer created an innovative ballet, Capriol Suite, using Peter Warlock's number of the same name. Blue blood the gentry music was based on 16th-century French music, and Ashton researched the dances of the beforehand era, and created a reassure piece with "basse danse, saltation, tordion, and bransle—smoothly mixing heavy-duty masculine leaps with courtly duets."[1] The following year Rambert supported the Ballet Club, forerunner prescription the Ballet Rambert, with Alicia Markova as prima ballerina submit Ashton as the main choreographer and one of the cap dancers.[1]

Ashton's ballets of the untimely s included La péri (), The Lady of Shalott (), Façade (), Foyer de danse () and Les Masques (). He also contributed to Westside End revues and musicals, counting The Cat and the Fiddle () for C. B. Airman, and Gay Hussar (), fell which The Manchester Guardian singled out the "spirited and elegant choreography in the classic manner".[6][7]

Vic-Wells

Ashton's association with Ninette de Dynasty, founder of the Vic-Wells Choreography, began in , when yes created a comic ballet, Regatta for her.[1] It received tainted reviews; The Times thought imagination successful as "a piece hold flippant amusement",[8] but The City Guardian considered that "it wholly fails definitely a poor show".[9] Nevertheless, Ashton was by notify recognised as a choreographer holiday considerable talent and had gained a national, though not up till international, reputation.

In Ashton devised added work for de Valois crucial her company, the ballet-divertissement Les Rendezvous. Robert Greskovic describes righteousness work as a "classically well-defined yet frothy excursion showcas[ing] expansive skirted 'ballet girls' and animated swain partners". The piece was an immediate success, has back number revived many times, and presume remains in the Royal Ballet's repertoire eighty years after wellfitting creation.[1] In de Valois prescribed Ashton as resident choreographer chastisement her company, where he awkward alongside Constant Lambert, the lyrical director from until , weather a company including Markova, Involvement Dolin and Robert Helpmann.The Times describes Ashton's first years tackle the Vic-Wells as a elegantly productive period: "His Apparitions observe was by many compared graciously with Massine's Symphonie Fantastique be successful a similar theme, and think it over year saw also the tender Nocturne to Delius's Paris. These works have vanished, but authority following year's witty A Combination Bouquet and Les Patineurs move to and fro still with us."[2]

In –37, sovereignty homosexuality notwithstanding, Ashton had differentiation affair with an American inheritor and socialite, Alice von Hofmannsthal. After the affair ended, jilt love for him continued, despite the fact that she had two subsequent marriages, both to gay Englishmen.

As illustriousness s progressed, Ashton's career began to extend internationally. In inaccuracy choreographed Virgil Thomson's opera Four Saints in Three Acts withdraw New York, and in blooper created his first ballet transport a foreign company: Devil's Holiday (Le Diable s'amuse) for depiction Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo.[2] Closure continued to create dances dilemma other forms of theatre, deviate revues such as The City Talks and Home and Beauty, to opera, including Clive Carey's production of Die Fledermaus mind Sadler's Wells, and film, signally Escape Me Never, another satisfaction with William Walton, following Façade four years earlier.[14]

Sadler's Wells duct Covent Garden

Shortly before the outburst of the Second World Battle Ashton was offered a bias in New York with what was to become the Land Ballet Theatre. He declined, pivotal returned to de Valois' concert party, soon renamed "Sadler's Wells Ballet".[1] He created some works go along more sombre lines, including Dante Sonata, which symbolised the returning struggle between the children gaze at darkness and the children sponsor light.[15][n 1] In Ballet review, Lynette Halewood commented in , "No other work by Choreographer is so disturbing and consequently bleak".[16]

In Ashton was called arouse for war service. He was commissioned as an officer persuasively the Royal Air Force, go off first analysing aerial photographs become peaceful later as an intelligence officer.[1] While in the RAF take steps was granted occasional spells annotation leave to carry on work with the ballet. Reward collaboration with Walton continued swop The Quest (). It was created and staged in a- hurry, and Walton later blunt that it was not undue of a success from anyone's point of view. It abstruse a theme of knightly courtliness, though Walton observed that Helpmann in the lead looked optional extra like the Dragon than Candid George.[17] As with the Ashton-Walton collaboration The Wise Virgins, authority music has survived but magnanimity ballet has not.[17]

Mr. Frederick Choreographer has devised a ballet bare six dancers without drama countryside without characterisation – a "pure" ballet, in which the scrutiny is wholly concentrated upon honourableness dance and its relation abut the music. That the latest ballet holds one's attention devour the first motionless tableau the dancers sink into kip again at the end keep to a measure of Mr. Ashton's success.

The Times on Symphonic Variations, [18]

After the end be the owner of the war David Webster meet de Valois to move supreme company from Sadler's Wells bung be resident at the Kingly Opera House, Covent Garden complementary the new opera company type was establishing.[19][n 2] Ashton's regulate ballet for the company beckon its new home was Symphonic Variations (). The historian A surname or a character from "Romeo and Juliet" Haltrecht writes of it, "It is a masterpiece created honor the Opera House and reawaken the company's dancers, and partly of itself defines a category of English dancing." Although significance Covent Garden stage was still larger than that at Sadler's Wells, Ashton confined himself get as far as six dancers, led by Margot Fonteyn and Michael Somes. High-mindedness work, which remains in greatness repertoire as at , was a success from the outset.[18]

Another plotless ballet was Scènes boorish ballet (), which remains unadorned repertoire piece.[n 3] In , at the urging of hilarity Valois, Ashton created his extreme major three-act ballet for graceful British company, his version acquire Prokofiev's Cinderella. The original blue included Moira Shearer as Woman, Somes as the Prince, Alexanders Grant as the jester, slab Ashton and Helpmann en travesti as Cinderella's stepsisters.[n 4] Near to the ground critics have commented that Choreographer was not yet fully value control of a full-length choreography, with intermittent weaknesses in grandeur choreography,[1] but the comedy confront the stepsisters was, and has remained, a favourite with audiences. The ballet critic Laura Dr. called it "slapstick of out celestial order", and recalled deviate she and her fellow New-found York critics were "struck inarticulate by this luminous ballet".

In honourableness late s and early brutish Ashton worked more frequently glossy magazine other ballet companies, creating writings actions for the Ballets de Town (Le Rêve de Léonor, , to Britten's Bridge Variations) nearby the New York City Choreography (Illuminations, , to Britten's Les Illuminations, and Picnic at Tintagel, , to Bax's The Woodland of Fand). He created dances for films, including The Tales of Hoffmann ()[n 5] illustrious The Story of Three Loves (), and directed operas draw off Glyndebourne (Britten's Albert Herring, ) and Covent Garden (Massenet's Manon, , and Gluck's Orpheus, , conducted by Sir John Barbirolli with Kathleen Ferrier in authority title role).[29]

Ashton's second full-length choreography for de Valois' company was Sylvia (). Ashton's biographer Kathrine Sorley Walker considers that knock down works "even less well" amaze Cinderella, but contemporary reviews timeless it with little or pollex all thumbs butte reservation.[30] In , reviewing dexterous New York revival, the arbiter Jennie Schulman called it regular "blockbuster", "radiant" with "choreographic overflow to please even the nearly finicky of gods and justness most demanding of balletomanes".[31]

Ashton's position full-length ballet was Romeo playing field Juliet for the Royal Scandinavian Ballet in It was exceptional considerable success, but Ashton resisted attempts to present it shakeup Covent Garden, which he be taught too large a theatre arena stage for his intimate usage of the story. It was not seen in London while when it was produced uninviting the London Festival Ballet fairly than at Covent Garden.[33]

Royal Ballet

In October Elizabeth II granted Sadler's Wells Ballet a charter, sharing it the title of "the Royal Ballet" with effect overrun 15 January [34] This recognized the eminence the company difficult to understand achieved: internationally it was universally regarded as "the leading presence outside Russia".[35] De Valois remained the director of the knot, with Ashton as principal choreographer.[35]

One of Ashton's most celebrated ballets was created for the Queenly Ballet in La fille exhaustive gardée. The first ballet robust that title had been suave in France in , impressive several later versions had anachronistic staged in the 19th 100, using music by various composers. Ashton did his customary cautious research and decided to fabricate use of Ferdinand Hérold's punishment (), arranged, with additions evacuate other versions, by John Lanchbery.[1] Walker says of the outmoded, "He adhered closely to picture original scenario, but created pleasurably inventive new choreography that was the happiest amalgam of archetype ballet and English folk-dance, as Osbert Lancaster's delightful designs were firmly related to French power life."[1] It was an pressing success, and has been commonly staged since, not only fail to see the Royal Ballet, but strong companies in ten other Dweller countries and in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Southeast Africa and the US.[36]

When turnoff Valois retired in , Choreographer succeeded her as director. Ruler time in charge was looked on as something of trim golden age. Under him, grandeur corps de ballet was established as rivalling and even preferable the best anywhere else cranium the world. He continued give permission add to the repertoire decree his own new productions, fair enough persuaded his former mentor Bronislava Nijinska to revive her Les biches and Les noces, wallet he presented Mam'zelle Angot coarse his other mentor, Massine.[37][38] Dirt also brought in Antony Dynasty, his English contemporary, better get out in the US, to clasp both new and old works.[38] The ballet critic John Percival considered that despite the legion glories of the company misstep Ashton's directorship, he was incompatible to and uninterested in manipulation, and lacked de Valois' donation for strategic planning (though upturn in both these regards leave speechless his successor as director, Kenneth MacMillan). Percival believed that that weakened the company in illustriousness long term.[38] Ashton's works dilemma the company while he was director included The Dream () (for Anthony Dowell and Antoinette Sibley), the pas de trois Monotones II (), Jazz Calendar () and Enigma Variations (My Friends Pictured Within) ().[1]

Webster, justification to retire in as community administrator of the Royal Composition House, decided that his departure from the norm should be accompanied by tidy change to the leadership very last the two companies. Georg Solti, musical director of the composition company, was keen to motivation on his new post gorilla conductor of the Chicago Sonata Orchestra, and did not involve to renew his Covent Park contract when it expired simple [39] Ashton had frequently sonorous colleagues how he looked overtake to his own retirement, on the other hand nonetheless was hurt by greatness abruptness with which his leaving was arranged and announced get by without Webster. He stood down pledge July after a farewell memorable organised by Michael Somes, Crapper Hart and Leslie Edwards.[41]

After crown retirement, Ashton made several strand ballets as pièces d'occasion, on the contrary his only longer works were the cinema film, The Tales of Beatrix Potter made display and released in , sit A Month in the Country (), a one-act piece, wellknown about forty minutes, freely cut out for from Turgenev's comedy of manners.[42] The piece has been revitalized regularly, in every decade because the premiere.[43]

Ashton's last years were marred by the death be a witness his partner, Martyn Thomas, bring in a car crash in – a blow from which Choreographer never fully recovered.[1] He suitably in his sleep on 19 August , at his kingdom home in Suffolk, and was buried on 24 August equal height St Mary's Church, Yaxley, Suffolk.[1]

Choreography

Main article: List of ballets choreographed by Frederick Ashton

Ashton created improved than eighty ballets. In ruler Who's Who entry, he intent his best-known works as:[44]

Full-length ballets
Shorter works

Other notable Ashton ballets include:

The Fred Step

Ashton included drag many of his ballets uncluttered signature step, known to dancers as "the Fred step". Squabble is defined by David Vocalist as "posé en arabesque, coupé dessous, small développé a refrigerate seconde, pas de bourrée dessous, pas de chat". Adrian Mesh has enlarged the definition drop in include the transitional movements;[46] that in Benesh notation is copy out thus:

It was based expense a step used by Anna Pavlova in a gavotte ramble she frequently performed. Alicia Dancer recalled in that Ashton difficult first used the step hold a short ballet that complete Nigel Playfair's production of Marriage à la Mode. It hype not seen in Ashton's Façade, but after that, it became a feature of his show. The critic Alastair Macaulay writes:

[T]he Fred step is over and over again tucked away. He may emit it to the ballerina (Antoinette Sibley as La Capricciosa dense Varii Capricci, ) or give explanation supporting dancers (Symphonic Variations, ). He may give it stay at a corps de ballet be advantageous to peasants (Sylvia ), to worse dancers (a pair of scintillating artichokes in the vegetable choreography he made for the coat "Stories from a Flying Trunk"), or to a minor diagram (Moth in The Dream, ). Often the eye is harassed from it by action out onstage. In each instance, deter is changed in some rise (particularly its conclusion), so think about it the entire step seems metamorphosed.[47]

Ashton himself danced the step little the timorous sister in Cinderella, and later he and Dancer danced a gentle version conclusion it together in Salut d'amour, created by Ashton for unconditional sixtieth birthday gala at Covent Garden.[49] The Royal Ballet has a demonstration of the leg on its website, explained alongside the company's ballet mistress, Ursula Hageli and danced by Itinerant Pajdak.[50]

Legacy

Ashton left the rights thesis many of his ballets find time for friends and colleagues, including Dancer (Daphnis and Chloe and Ondine), Dowell (The Dream and A Month in the Country), Archangel Somes (Cinderella and Symphonic Variations), Alexander Grant (La fille not careful gardée and Façade), Antony Dyson (Enigma Variations and Monotones), soar Brian Shaw (Les Patineurs pivotal Rendezvous).[51] Rights to most guide his other ballets were evaluate to his nephew, Anthony Russell-Roberts, who was Administrative Director reminiscent of the Royal Ballet from elect [52]

To perpetuate the legacy disturb Ashton and his ballets, nobility Frederick Ashton Foundation was opening up in It is autonomous of, but works closely keep, the Royal Ballet.[53]

Honours

Ashton was settled Commander of the Order pleasant the British Empire (CBE) comport yourself the Birthday Honours,[54]knighted in rank Birthday Honours,[55] appointed Companion make stronger Honour (CH) in the Holy day Honours for services to dignity ballet,[56] and appointed to nobility Order of Merit (OM) dwell in

His honours from other countries included the Legion of Justness (France, ) and the Prime of the Dannebrog (Denmark, ). He received the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award from loftiness Royal Academy of Dance engross He was awarded the Point of the City of Writer (), and received honorary doctorates from the universities of City (), East Anglia (), Writer (), Hull () and City ().[44]

Notes, references and sources

Notes

  1. ^The industry dropped out of the accumulation and was thought lost till , when the Birmingham Exchange a few words Ballet staged a reconstruction disrespect Jean Bedells and Pauline Clayden with help from Pamela May.[16]
  2. ^De Valois had a very well-organized hand in running the band, but she remained answerable view a board of governors, whose support she needed, and customary, for the move. Ashton, who knew and approved of Politician, was strongly in favour, have a word with put such weight as inaccuracy then had behind it. Notwithstanding no longer resident at Sadler's Wells Theatre, the company extended to be called the Sadler's Wells Ballet until [19]
  3. ^Initially, Scènes de ballet divided critical take on. The Times commented that put on the right track "had the one merit produce brevity";[22]Richard Buckle in The Observer wrote, "The only fault psychotherapy that it is not righteousness last act of a elongated classical ballet. Such a show of noble movement should write down the culmination of a spectacle: yet before we realise corruption beauty this pearl of waiting in the wings price has dissolved – imprison eighteen minutes."[23] Ashton's own species of the ballet was, "It has a distant, uncompromising archangel which says I am nearly, beautiful, but I will cause no effort to charm you." In Debra Craine called interpretation work "pure classicism at cast down most invigorating."[25]
  4. ^Ashton and Helpmann prolonged to play the stepsisters stop in full flow many revivals up to distinction end of On occasion, conj at the time that Helpmann was unavailable, Ashton was joined by Kenneth MacMillan.[26]
  5. ^Helpmann, Dancer and Ashton all appeared stuff the film. Massine (as Spalanzani) choreographed his own role.[28]

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrWalker, Kathrine Sorley (). "Ashton, Sir Frederick William Mallandaine (–)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online&#;ed.). Oxford University Press. doi/ref:odnb/ (Subscription provision UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ abcd"Sir Frederick Ashton – Cumulative Choreographer and founder-figure of Country ballet", The Times 20 Lordly
  3. ^"Riverside Nights", The Observer, 20 June , p.
  4. ^Vaughan, King. "Chronological Index", Frederick Ashton tube His Ballets, accessed 5 July
  5. ^"Gay Hussar: New Musical Drollery at the Palace", The City Guardian, 2 October , proprietress.
  6. ^"The Camargo Society", The Times, 14 June , p.
  7. ^"London Music – The Ballet Occasion at the Savoy Theatre", The Manchester Guardian, 22 June , p. 7.
  8. ^Vaughan, David. ""Archived 4 February at the Wayback Completing and ""Archived 4 February sharpen up the Wayback Machine, Frederick Choreographer and his Ballets, accessed 5 July
  9. ^"Sadler's Wells Ballet", The Times, 24 January , owner. 4.
  10. ^ abHalewood, Lynette. "Birmingham Princely Ballet"Archived 29 October at probity Wayback Machine, Ballet magazine, accessed 5 July
  11. ^ abPalmer, Christopher. Notes to Chandos CD ().
  12. ^ ab"New Ballet at Covent Garden", The Times, 25 April , p. 6.
  13. ^ abHaltrecht , pp.&#;59–60
  14. ^"Covent Garden", The Times, 12 Feb , p. 6.
  15. ^Buckle, Richard. "Golden Rain", The Observer, 15 Feb , p. 2
  16. ^Craine, Debra. "Victory salute to a master declining the dance", The Times, 16 November , p.
  17. ^"Cinderella ()"Archived 3 May at the Wayback Machine and "Cinderella ()"Archived 3 May at the Wayback Effecting, Royal Opera House collections online, accessed 6 July
  18. ^Vaughan, David"", Frederick Ashton and his Ballets, accessed 6 July
  19. ^Vaughan, King. ""Archived 4 February at magnanimity Wayback Machine, ""Archived 4 Feb at the Wayback Machine, "", ""Archived 15 December at say publicly Wayback Machine and "Archived 4 February at the Wayback Personal computer, Frederick Ashton and his Ballets; "Albert Herring", The Times, 21 June , p. 6; "Manon"Archived 28 September at the Wayback Machine and "Orpheus ()"Archived 3 May at the Wayback Instrument Royal Opera House collections on the internet, accessed 6 July
  20. ^"Sadler's Fine Ballet", The Times, 4 Sep , p. 6; Hope-Wallace, Prince. "'Sylvia' at Covent Garden", The Manchester Guardian. 5 September , p. 5; and Buckle, Richard. "Ballet Pastures Old and New", The Observer, 7 September , p. 6.
  21. ^Schulman, Jennie. "Dance Diary: ABT in Ashton's Radiant 'Sylvia'", Back Stage – The Playacting Arts Weekly, 23 June , p.
  22. ^Vaughan, David. ""Archived 5 February at the Wayback Transactions, Frederick Ashton and his Ballets, accessed 6 July
  23. ^Parry , p.&#; and "Britain's 'Royal Ballet'", The Times, 17 January , p. 3.
  24. ^ ab"25 Years very last Triumphant Progress: Achievements of Sadler's Wells Ballet", The Manchester Guardian, 5 May , p. 4.
  25. ^Vaughan, David. ""Archived 5 February delay the Wayback Machine, Frederick Choreographer and his Ballets, accessed 11 July
  26. ^Kennedy, James. "No ennui at Covent Garden", The Guardian 5 February , p. 8.
  27. ^ abcPercival, John. "Can the dramatis personae stay on its toes?", The Times, 15 October
  28. ^Robinson, proprietor. 44[incomplete short citation]
  29. ^Bland, Alexander. "Beau Brummell of the dance: dank hero", The Observer, 26 July , p. 7. (subscription required); and ODNB
  30. ^"A Month in blue blood the gentry Country"Archived 13 March at prestige Wayback Machine, Royal Opera Igloo archive, retrieved 10 December
  31. ^"A Month in the Country: productions"Archived 28 September at the Wayback Machine, Royal Opera House description, retrieved 10 December
  32. ^ ab"Ashton, Sir Frederick (William Mallandaine)", Who Was Who, A & Catch-phrase Black, online edition, Oxford Academia Press, December , accessed 6 July (subscription required)
  33. ^Grater, Adrian . "Following the Fred Step"Archived 7 October at the Wayback Device, Balletco, accessed 23 June
  34. ^Macaulay, Alastair. "Notes on the Fred Step", Frederick Ashton and empress Ballets, accessed 23 June
  35. ^Roy, Sanjoy. "Step-by-step guide to dance: Frederick Ashton", The Guardian, 4 March
  36. ^"The Fred Step", ABC of Ballet, Royal Opera Dwellingplace, accessed 23 June
  37. ^Billen, Saint. "Ashton leaves Ondine royalties decimate Fonteyn", The Times, 3 Dec
  38. ^"The Ballets, Ashton & Writer Roberts, accessed 23 June
  39. ^Frederick Ashton Foundation Launched", Royal Theatre House, 10 October
  40. ^British Empire: "No. ". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 June p.&#;
  41. ^United Empire list: "No. ". The Writer Gazette (Supplement). 25 May pp.&#;–
  42. ^United Kingdom list: "No. ". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 June p.&#;

Sources

  • Dominic, Zoë; Gilbert, John Selwyn (). Frederick Ashton: a Choreographer and his Ballets. London: Harrap. ISBN&#;.
  • Ford, Boris (). Modern Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Genné, Beth. "My Dearest Friend, Dejected Greatest Collaborator – Ashton, Fedorovitch and Symphonic Variations". In River & Grau ().CiteSeerx:&#;
  • Greskovic, Robert (). Ballet . London: Turnaround. ISBN&#;.
  • Haltrecht, Montague (). The Quiet Showman: Sir David Webster and say publicly Royal Opera House. London: Highball. ISBN&#;.
  • Jacobs, Laura (). Landscape discover Moving Figures – A Dec on Dance. New York: Encourage & Movement Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Jordan, Stephanie; Grau, Andrée, eds. (). Following Sir Fred's Steps: Ashton's Legacy. London: Dance Books. ISBN&#;. Archived from the original on 14 February
  • Kaplan, Fred (). Gore Vidal&#;: A Biography. New York: Doubleday. ISBN&#;.
  • Parry, Jann (). Different Drummer – The Life show consideration for Kenneth MacMillan. London: Faber coupled with Faber. ISBN&#;.
  • Vaughan, David (). Frederick Ashton and His Ballets (2nd&#;ed.). London: Dance Books. ISBN&#;.

Further reading

  • Anderson, Zoë (). The Royal Choreography – 75 Years. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN&#;.
  • Franchi, Cristina (). Frederick Ashton – Founder Choreographer of the Royal Ballet. Regal Opera House heritage series. London: Oberon. ISBN&#;.
  • Morris, Geraldine. A Direction of Styles: Discovering the Choreographed Movement of Frederick Ashton. Guildford: University of Surrey. OCLC&#;

External links