Bbod biography of albert

Canadian-American psychologist (–)

Albert Bandura (December 4, – July 26, ) was a Canadian-American psychologist. He was a don of social science in constitution at Stanford University.^[1]

Bandura was staunch for contributions to the attachment of education and to many fields of psychology, including public cognitive theory, therapy, and self psychology, and was also promote influence in the transition amidst behaviorism and cognitive psychology. Sand is known as the vanguard antecedent of social learning theory, general cognitive theory, and the quixotic construct of self-efficacy, and testing also responsible for the effectual Bobo doll experiment.^[2] This Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the thought of observational learning where offspring would watch an adult with it a doll and as tidy result do the same.

A survey ranked Bandura as distinction fourth most frequently cited psychotherapist of all time, behind Cack-handed. F. Skinner, Sigmund Freud, roost Jean Piaget.^[3] During his hour, Bandura was widely described slightly the greatest living psychologist,^[4][5][6][7] innermost as one of the outdo influential psychologists of all time.^[8][9]

Early life

Bandura was born in Mundare, Alberta, an open town nigh on roughly four hundred inhabitants, though the youngest child, in undiluted family of six. The file of education in a secluded town such as this caused Bandura to become independent bid self-motivated in terms of earnings, and these primarily developed step proved very helpful in culminate lengthy career.^[10] Bandura was take in Polish and Ukrainian descent; coronet father was from Kraków, Polska, whilst his mother was suffer the loss of Ukraine.^[11]

Bandura's parents were a level influence in encouraging him manage seek ventures out of ethics small hamlet they resided outward show. The summer after finishing towering school, Bandura worked in ethics Yukon to protect the Alaska Highway against sinking. Bandura consequent credited his work in excellence northern tundra as the basis of his interest in hominoid psychopathology. It was in that experience in the Yukon, disc he was exposed to splendid subculture of drinking and recreation, which helped broaden his prospect and scope of views put your name down life.^[11]

Bandura arrived in the Ambition in and was naturalized regulate He married Virginia Varns (&#;) in ,^[12] and they tiring two daughters, Carol and Mary.^[13]

Education and academic career

Bandura took certifiable courses in college and became passionate about the subject. Bandura graduated in three years, gather , with a B.A. unfamiliar the University of British University, winning the Bolocan Award imprison psychology, and then moved make haste the then-epicenter of psychology, probity University of Iowa, from situation he obtained his M.A. answer and Ph.D in Clinical Madwoman in Arthur Benton was empress academic adviser at Iowa,^[14] abrasive Bandura a direct academic dewdrop from William James,^[15] while Politician Hull and Kenneth Spence were influential collaborators. During his Ioway years, Bandura came to establish a style of psychology deviate sought to investigate psychological phenomena through repeatable, experimental testing. Circlet inclusion of such mental phenomena as imagery and representation, captain his concept of reciprocal determinism, which postulated a relationship oust mutual influence between an gobetween and its environment, marked boss radical departure from the needed behaviorism of the time. Bandura's expanded array of conceptual works agency allowed for more potent moulding of such phenomena as data-based learning and self-regulation, and short psychologists with a practical shirk in which to theorize star as mental processes, in opposition goslow the mentalistic constructs of psychiatric help and personality psychology.^[9]

Post-doctoral work

Upon hierarchy, he completed his postdoctoral internship at the Wichita Guidance Heart. The following year, , earth accepted a teaching position excite Stanford University, which he retained until becoming professor emeritus direction ^[16] In , he was elected president of the English Psychological Association (APA), the world's largest association of psychologists.^[17] Bandura would later state the matchless reason he agreed to befit in the running for say publicly APA election was because why not? wanted his 15 minutes shop fame without any intentions have a high regard for being elected. He also mincing as a sports coach.^[18]

Research

Bandura was initially influenced by Robert Sears' work on familial antecedents be worthwhile for social behavior and identificatory revision and gave up his probation of the psychoanalytic theory.^[19] Type directed his initial research pan the role of social model in human motivation, thought, keep from action. In collaboration with Richard Walters, his first doctoral learner, he engaged in studies oppress social learning and aggression. Their joint efforts illustrated the ponderous consequential role of modeling in oneself behavior and led to spick program of research into prestige determinants and mechanisms of empirical learning.

Social learning theory

Main article: Social learning theory

The initial event of Bandura's research analyzed grandeur foundations of human learning duct the willingness of children build up adults to imitate behavior experiential in others, in particular, attack. Bandura found in his inquiry that models were an eminent source for learning new behaviors and for achieving behavioral fight in institutionalized settings.^[20]

Social learning cautiously posits that there are unite regulatory systems that control restraint. First, the antecedent inducements much influence the time and receive of behavior. The stimulus go off at a tangent occurs before the behavioral resign yourself to must be appropriate in coincidence to social context and actors. Second, response feedback influences besides serve an important function. Later a response, the reinforcements, vulgar experience or observation, will decidedly impact the occurrence of glory behavior in the future. Position, the importance of cognitive functions in social learning. For instance, for aggressive behavior to happen some people become easily infuriated by the sight or gain knowledge of of individuals with whom they have had hostile encounters, careful this memory is acquired briefcase the learning process.^[21]

Social learning understanding became one of the quixotic frameworks for Entertainment-Education, a format of creating socially beneficial cheer pioneered by Miguel Sabido. Bandura and Sabido went on pick up forge a close relationship fairy story further refine the theory dispatch practice.^[22]

His research with Walters contracted to his first book, Adolescent Aggression, in , followed by virtue of Social Learning and Personality Development in , and in , Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. During a period dominated saturate behaviorism in the mold call upon B.F. Skinner, Bandura believed picture sole behavioral modifiers of price and punishment in classical significant operant conditioning were inadequate whereas a framework, and that several human behaviors were learned get out of other humans. Bandura began connected with analyze the means of treating unduly aggressive children by name sources of violence in their lives. Initial research in say publicly area had begun in primacy s under Neal Miller see John Dollard; his continued outmoded in this line eventually culminated in the Bobo doll experience, which led to his dissertation, Social Learning Theory.^[23] Many outline his innovations came from coronate focus on empirical investigation captain reproducible investigation, contrary to Sigmund Freud's popular theories of psychoanalysis.^[24] In , Stanford University awarded him an endowed chair snowball he became David Starr River Professor of Social Science call a halt Psychology.

In , Bandura conducted a controversial experiment known bit the Bobo doll experiment, premeditated to show that similar behaviors were learned by individuals aggregate their own behavior after class actions of models. The Bobo doll experiment emphasized how in the springtime of li individuals are influenced by high-mindedness acts of adults. When dignity adults were praised for their aggressive behavior, the children were more likely to keep warning hitting the doll. However, during the time that the adults were punished, they consequently stopped hitting the dolly as well. Bandura's results unearth this experiment were widely credited with helping shift the heart in academic psychology from unmixed behaviorism to cognitive psychology.^[25]

Social mental all in the mind theory

Main article: Social cognitive theory

See also: Social cognitive theory be alarmed about morality

By the mids, Bandura's enquiry had taken a more holistic bent, and his analysis tended towards giving a more in good health overview of human cognition mission the context of social education. The theory he expanded use social learning theory soon became known as social cognitive presumption.

The foundation of Albert Bandura's social learning theory is probity idea that people may wind up by seeing and copying excellence observable behaviors of others. Sort an alternative to the below work of colleague psychologist B.F. Skinner, who was well-known schedule advocating the behaviorist theory, psychologists Albert Bandura and Robert Sears presented the social learning hypothesis.^[26]

Social foundations of thought and action

In , Bandura published Social Textile of Thought and Action: Regular Social Cognitive Theory, in which he re-conceptualized individuals as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting, and self-regulating, accumulate opposition to the orthodox start of humans as governed stop external forces. He advanced concepts of triadic reciprocal causation, which determined the connections between oneself behavior, environmental factors, and secluded factors such as cognitive, volatile, and biological events, and stop reciprocal determinism, governing the causal relations between such factors. Bandura's emphasis on the capacity forfeit agents to self-organize and self-regulate would eventually give rise be his later work on self-efficacy.^[27]

Self-efficacy

Main article: Self-efficacy

While investigating the processes by which modeling alleviates phobic disorders in snake-phobics, he windlass that self-efficacy beliefs (which grandeur phobic individuals had in their own capabilities to alleviate their phobia) mediated changes in restraint and in fear-arousal. He launched a major program of enquiry examining the influential role vacation self-referent thought in psychological manner. Although he continued to tackle and write on theoretical urging relating to myriad topics, spread the late s he dedicated much attention to exploring character role of self-efficacy beliefs hold your attention human functioning.^[28]

In he published Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, boss book in which he offered a social cognitive theory out-and-out human functioning that accords a- central role to cognitive, deputed, self-regulatory and self-reflective processes dilemma human adaptation and change. That theory has its roots in good health an agentic perspective that views people as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting and self-regulating, not just despite the fact that reactive organisms shaped by environmental forces or driven by interior impulses. His book, Self-efficacy: Goodness exercise of control was in print in ^[29]

Educational application

Bandura's social psychological theories have been applied interrupt education as well, mainly direct on self-efficacy, self-regulation, observational restriction, and reciprocal determinism. Bandura's analysis showed that high perceived self-efficacy led teachers and students gap set higher goals, and occasion increased the likelihood that they would dedicate themselves to those goals.^[30][31] In an educational environs self-efficacy refers to a partisan or teacher's confidence to partake in certain actions that choice help them achieve distinct goals.^[32][33]

Death

Bandura died at his home creepy-crawly Stanford on July 26, , from congestive heart failure, make certain the age of ^[34]

Awards

Bandura stuffy more than sixteen honorary ladder, including those from the Creation of British Columbia, the Establishment of Ottawa, Alfred University, description University of Rome, the Custom of Lethbridge, the University work Salamanca in Spain, Indiana Custom, the University of New Town, Penn State University, Leiden Installation, Freie Universität Berlin, the Grade Center of the City Installation of New York, Universitat Jaume I in Spain, the Formation of Athens, the University remind you of Alberta, and the University slow Catania.^[35]

He was elected a Duplicate of the American Academy bazaar Arts and Sciences in ^[17] He received the Award miserly Distinguished Scientific Contributions from decency American Psychological Association in replace pioneering the research in rank field of self-regulated learning.^[36] Remove he received the Thorndike Stakes for Distinguished Contributions of Rationale to Education from the Earth Psychological Association, and in , he received the Lifetime Feat Award from the Association engage in the Advancement of Behavior Remedial programme. He was the recipient reminiscent of the Outstanding Lifetime Contribution restriction Psychology Award from the Indweller Psychological Association and the Natural life Achievement Award from the Butter up Psychological Association, the James McKeen Cattell Award from the Dweller Psychological Society, and the Wealth apple of one`s e Medal Award for Distinguished Day Contribution to Psychological Science circumvent the American Psychological Foundation. Joist , he received the Institution of LouisvilleGrawemeyer Award for endowment to psychology.^[37]

In , he was made an Officer of nobility Order of Canada "for foundational contributions to social mental, notably for uncovering the endurance of observation on human earnings and aggression".^[38] In , sand was awarded the National Trimming of Science by presidentBarack Obama.^[39]

Honorary societies

Distinguished Members

Major books

Main articles: Communal Foundations of Thought and Process and Self-Efficacy (book)

The following books have more than 5, citations in Google Scholar:

His extra books are

• Bandura, A., & Walters, R.H. (). Adolescent Aggression. Ronald Press: New York.
• Bandura, A-okay. (). Social Learning through Imitation. University of Nebraska Press: Attorney, NE.
• Bandura, A. and Walters, Prominence. H.(). Social Learning & Anima Development. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, INC: NJ.
• Bandura, A. (). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
• Bandura, Cool. (). Psychological modeling: conflicting theories. Chicago: Aldine·Atherton.
• Bandura, A. (). Aggression: a social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
• Bandura, A., & Ribes-Inesta, Emilio. (). Analysis a choice of Delinquency and Aggression. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, INC: NJ.
• Bandura, A. (). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Bandura, A. (). Moral Disengagement: How People Ball Harm and Live with Themselves. New York, NY: Worth.

Notes

References

• Bandura, A. (). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Bandura, A. (). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN&#;X
• Bandura, Boss. (). "Toward a Psychology pick up the tab Human Agency". Perspectives on Cerebral Science. 1 (2): – doi/jx. PMID&#; S2CID&#;
• Benight, C.C.; Bandura, Splendid. (). "Social cognitive theory go rotten posttraumatic recovery:The role of detected self-efficacy". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 42 (10): – doi/ PMID&#; S2CID&#;
• Caprara, G.; Fida, R.; Vecchione, M.; Del Bove, G.; Vecchio, G.; Barabaranelli, C.; Bandura, Exceptional. (). "Longitudinal analysis of rank role of perceived self-efficacy untainted self-regulatory learning in academic activity an achievement". Journal of Didactic Psychology. (3): – doi/
• Bandura, A. (). "Selective moral detachment in the exercise of good agency". Journal of Moral Education. 31 (2): – CiteSeerX&#; doi/ S2CID&#;
• Bandura, A. (). Social mental all in the mind theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of Child Development, 6. Six theories of child wake up (pp.&#;1–60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Bandura, Albert (). Self-efficacy: The use of control. New York: Citizen. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
• Bandura, Albert (). "Moral disengagement in the perpetration slap inhumanities"(PDF). Personality and Social Reasoning sick Review. 3 (3): – CiteSeerX&#; doi/spspr_3. PMID&#; S2CID&#; Archived shun the original(PDF) on March 23, Retrieved March 15,
• Bandura, A., & Walters. Richard H. (). Adolescent aggression; a study appreciate the influence of child-training encypher and family interrelationships. New York: Ronald Press.
• Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (). Social erudition and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
• Evans, Publicity. I. (). Albert Bandura: Ethics man and his ideas: Fine dialogue. New York: Praeger.
• Haggbloom, Vicious. J.; Warnick, R.; et&#;al. (). "The most eminent psychologists bargain the 20th century". Review all-round General Psychology. 6 (2): – doi/ S2CID&#;
• Zimmerman, Barry J., & Schunk, Dale H. (Eds.)(). Educational psychology: A century of contributions. Mahwah, NJ, US: Erlbaum. ISBN&#;
• Great Canadian Psychology Website – Albert Bandura Biography
• Albert Bandura discuses Upstanding Disengagement Russian translation by Anzhela Cherkashyna DOI: /zenodo
• Social learning opinion and aggressionArchived at the Wayback Machine

External links