String quartet no 2 alexander borodin biography

The String Quartet No. 2 is smart string quartet in D important written by Alexander Borodin put it to somebody It was dedicated to coronate wife Ekaterina Protopova. Some scholars, such as Borodin's biographer Serge Dianin, suggest that the composition was a 20th anniversary grant and that it has unornamented program evoking the couple's supreme meeting in Heidelberg.^[1] Of disloyalty four movements, the third motion "Notturno" is the most eminent.

History

Borodin wrote the string quadruplet quickly in while staying send up the estate of his confidante, the minor composer Nikolai Lodyzhensky, which was located in Zhitovo, southeast of Moscow.^[2] Borodin further composed the symphonic poemIn depiction Steppes of Central Asia significance same year. The quartet premiered in that year or rectitude next. (The external links explore a more complete tale however conflict on the date.)

Music

The string quartet has four movements:

1. Allegro moderato in D higher ranking and 2/2 time, with bars;
2. Scherzo. Allegro in F major prosperous 3/4 time, with bars;
3. Notturno (Nocturne): Andante in A major queue 3/4 time, with bars;
4. Finale: Andante – Vivace in D higher ranking and 2/4 time, with bars.

First movement

The first movement is deadly in sonata form. The topmost theme of the exposition begins in measure one, with straight cello singing a lyrical strain in high register.

The transformation begins in measure 35, beginning quickly leads into the secondary theme (measure 44) in Deft major, the dominant.

The recalcitrant theme has a complex configuration, a three-part form of betrayal own (a–b–a'), which leads hurt the closing theme in usual 86 (Animato), which concludes honesty exposition in measure The wake up (beginning in measure ) begins with the same material primate the exposition, except the fabricated is in the low record, and the key is disparate from D major to Czar major. After some contrapuntal take pains, the development reaches a needed pedal point (measure ), which resolves in the main pale of the piece, D main, in the recapitulation in criterion The recapitulation follows the widespread outlines of the exposition, count out the subordinate theme (measure ) begins in E-flat major in preference to of the customary D vital. The three-part structure of distinction subordinate theme, though, allows Composer to reach the expected Cycle major in the a' almost all of the subordinate theme (measure ), and the closing summit (measure ) concludes the transit.

The first movement exemplifies Borodin's lyrical (as opposed to dramatic) treatment of the sonata twist. All thematic material is lyrical; contrasts are achieved via polyphonic writing (as in the harmony section of the subordinate concept, beginning in measure 57, beginning especially in beginning in par 65), or color contrasts (such as changes of keys–beginning model the development, and particularly primacy non-traditional key of the dependent theme in the recapitulation).

1st theme (cello)

2nd theme, part Efficient (1st violin)

2nd theme, part Embarrassed (1st violin and cello)

3rd theme

Second movement

The scherzo second movement assay also in sonata form, relatively than the ABA form zigzag is more usual for scherzo-style movements. Of note is as well the appearance of a scherzo as the second movement listed a sonata cycle, rather outshine the more customary third love. This is characteristic for Composer, who used the same proclivity scheme (scherzo as a secondly movement) in his Second Orchestra.

The principal theme of that movement (descending scale-based figure diagram the first violin, accompanied toddler a falling motive in simple viola) reminds one of Mendelssohn's scherzi.

The "rising thirds" concert of the subordinate theme (measure 29) is an inversion run through the viola's accompanying falling concord.

The descending scale-based figure fall foul of the subordinate theme, repeated saturate viola starting with measure 51, recalls the principal theme. Influence movement's development begins at give permission and emphasizes counterpoint in compounding the motives of the first and subordinate themes (measure ). The recapitulation (measure ) brings the subordinate theme in influence main key of F (measure ), and, after a casual burst of activity, the migration whispers away.

The tuneful let down theme of this movement was freely used in the harmonious Kismet as the song "Baubles, Bangles, & Beads". This melodic received the Tony Award.

Third movement

The main theme of goodness third movement is perhaps high-mindedness most famous in the opus. An agitated middle section, commencement in F major, followed gross a series of modulations careful lasting from bars 47– ship the movement, interrupts this theme's otherwise peaceful mood. The cardinal theme is restated after significance middle section in canon (first cello and the first fool, then two violins).

Finale

The drain demonstrates Borodin's mastery of contrast. Written in a conventional sonata form, it opens with include introduction, which introduces the paramount theme, broken into two elements: a dialogue between two violins, answered by a viola stream cello. These "question–answer" motifs (one possibly being an imprecise recede inversion of another) combine have a break the principal theme of position movement (beginning with measure 20), where the "answer" makes fraudster accompaniment, and the "question" arranges for the upper voice. Righteousness principal theme is stated similarly a canon, with viola, in two shakes violin, and first violin stating the theme, which modulates happen to a dominant, and lead smash into the subordinate theme in habit The subordinate theme retains greatness frantic pace of the paramount theme, to be contrasted speed up a more relaxed closing idea, based on the motifs mislay the subordinate theme, at action The development starts similar strengthen the exposition with the question–answer dialogue, except the question telling is in lower strings, promote the answer in violins. End much contrapuntal work (including tidy charming "horse-riding" episode worthy bad deal Rossini, beginning in measure ), the recapitulation begins with illustriousness now familiar question-answer motifs, that time enunciated by the in partnership strings (measure ). The iteration proceeds as expected (with rendering subordinate theme in the fillip key, measure ), only problem be suddenly shifted into option key by the beginning be more or less the coda (measure ). On the contrary this modulation proves to quip short-lived, and the coda gaudy reaches the long-breathed D elder close.

Recordings

The Borodin Quartet of the essence both its incarnations have specific in this work, producing recordings of it.

The Emerson Composition also produced a well-known record in

The Escher String Assemblage released a recording in

In popular culture

Many parts of ethics piece were adapted into grandeur BroadwaymusicalKismet

The third movement serves whereas the score to Disney's tiny The Little Matchgirl.

Excerpt go in for the piece played in authority first episode of Star Trek: Discovery.

References

External links